In the field of liquid lithium-ion batteries, the preliminary evaluation of positive and negative electrode materials, electrolyte or diaphragm is usually assembled in half-battery tests, that is, using lithium metal as the opposite electrode.

However, in the sulfide solid electrolyte battery system, the sulfide electrolyte is unstable to lithium metal, and generally lithium metal can not be directly used as the opposite electrode, but lithium indium alloy (Li-In) is used as the opposite electrode to assemble the half battery.

The Li-In alloy has a flat lithium-embedded working platform, and its lithium electric potential can be constant at 0.62 V vs.Li+/Li in a large range.